Jerusalem - The Full Wiki. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Jerusalem (Hebrew: . BCE, when David the King of Israel first established it as the capital of the Jewish Nation, and his son Solomon commissioned the building of the First Temple in the city. The old walled city, a World Heritage site, has been traditionally divided into four quarters, although the names used today—the Armenian, Christian, Jewish, and Muslim Quarters—were introduced in the early 1. Bat Yam (2005) - Les McCann Beautiful Noise. Rendezvous In New York (10 dvd) (2005) - Bobby McFerrin. Ware En El Rosedal (2008) - Luis Salinas. Bar and Bat Mitzvah; Marriage. New York City, United States. Grandmother (Character) on IMDb: Movies, TV. In 1998, the Jerusalem Development Authority. 974.7 GE BAT bat New York. Israel's annexation of East Jerusalem has been repeatedly criticized by the United Nations and related bodies. This form has the appearance of a portmanteau (blend) of yerusha (heritage) and the original name Shalem and is not a simple phonetic evolution of the form in the Amarna letters. Some believe there is a connection to Shalim, the beneficent deity known from Ugaritic myths as the personification of dusk. In Greek and Latin it is transliterated Hierosolyma (. To the Arabs, Jerusalem is . Under King David, it was known as Ir David (the City of David). BCE), which refer to a city called Roshlamem or Rosh- ramen. BCE) may be the earliest mention of the city. According to Jewish tradition the city was founded by Shem and Eber, ancestors of Abraham. In the biblical account, when first mentioned, Jerusalem (known as . Later, in the time of Joshua, Jerusalem was in territory allocated to the tribe of Benjamin (Joshua 1. Jebusites until it was conquered by David and made into the capital of the united Kingdom of Israel (c. He was succeeded by his son Solomon. Solomon's Temple (later known as the First Temple), went on to play a pivotal role in Jewish history as the repository of the Ark of the Covenant. BCE), the ten northern tribes split off to form the Kingdom of Israel. Under the leadership of the House of David and Solomon, Jerusalem remained the capital of the Kingdom of Judah. The First Temple period ended around 5. BCE, as the Babylonians conquered Judah and Jerusalem, and laid waste to Solomon's Temple. When Macedonian ruler Alexander the Great conquered the Persian Empire, Jerusalem and Judea fell under Macedonian control, eventually falling to the Ptolemaic dynasty under Ptolemy I. In 1. 98 BCE, Ptolemy V lost Jerusalem and Judea to the Seleucids under Antiochus III. The Seleucid attempt to recast Jerusalem as a Hellenizedpolis came to a head in 1. BCE with the successful Maccabean revolt of Mattathias the High Priest and his five sons against Antiochus Epiphanes, and their establishment of the Hasmonean Kingdom in 1. BCE with Jerusalem again as its capital. Herod the Great, as he was known, devoted himself to developing and beautifying the city. He built walls, towers and palaces, and expanded the Temple Mount, buttressing the courtyard with blocks of stone weighing up to 1. Under Herod, the area of the Temple Mount doubled in size. Roman rule over Jerusalem and the region began to be challenged with the First Jewish–Roman War, which resulted in the destruction of the Second Temple in 7. CE. Jerusalem once again served as the capital of Judea during the three- year rebellion known as the Bar Kokhba revolt, beginning in 1. CE. The Romans succeeded in suppressing the revolt in 1. CE. Emperor Hadrian romanized the city, renaming it Aelia Capitolina. Hadrian renamed the entire Iudaea Province. Syria Palaestina after the biblical Philistines in an attempt to de- Judaize the country. During the 4th century, the Roman Emperor. Constantine I constructed Christian sites in Jerusalem such as the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Jerusalem reached a peak in size and population at the end of the Second Temple Period: The city covered two square kilometers (0. Following Sassanid. Khosrau II's early seventh century push into Byzantine, advancing through Syria, Sassanid Generals Shahrbaraz and Shahin attacked the Byzantine- controlled city of Jerusalem (Persian: Dej Houdkh). They were aided by the Jews of Palestine, who had risen up against the Byzantines. The Byzantine chronicles relate that the Sassanid army and the Jews slaughtered tens of thousands of Christians in the city, an episode which has been the subject of much debate between historians. Among Muslims of an earlier era it was referred to as Bayt al- Maqdes; later it became known as al- Quds al- Sharif. In 6. 38 the Islamic. Caliphate extended its dominion to Jerusalem. He prayed outside the church, where the Mosque of Umar (Omar) stands till the present time. According to the Gaullic bishop Arculf, who lived in Jerusalem from 6. Mosque of Umar was a rectangular wooden structure built over ruins which could accommodate 3,0. They found the site full of rubbish, they cleaned it and started using it for prayers thereafter. The Umayyad caliph Abd al- Malik commissioned the construction of the Dome of the Rock in the late 7th century. By early June 1. 09. Jerusalem’s population had declined from 7. However, for most of the 1. Jerusalem declined to the status of a village due to city's fall of strategic value and Ayyubid internecine struggles. From 1. 25. 0 to 1. Jerusalem was ruled by the Mamluks. During this period of time many clashes occurred between the Mamluks on one side and the crusaders and the Mongols on the other side. The area also suffered from many earthquakes and black plague. Ottoman era. In 1. Jerusalem and environs fell to the Ottoman Turks, who generally remained in control until 1. Throughout much of Ottoman rule, Jerusalem remained a provincial, if religiously important center, and did not straddle the main trade route between Damascus and Cairo. In 1. 83. 6, Ibrahim Pasha allowed Jerusalem's Jewish residents to restore four major synagogues, among them the Hurva. The Christians and Jews of Jerusalem were subjected to attacks. Ibrahim's Egyptian army routed Qasim's forces in Jerusalem the following month. The Russian Compound and Mishkenot Sha'ananim were founded in 1. With 4,0. 00 to 5,0. Jews and 6,0. 00 Muslims. Every year there were 5,0. Russian Christian Pilgrims. At Jerusalem, in particular riots occurred in 1. Under the British, new garden suburbs were built in the western and northern parts of the city. However, this plan was not implemented, as the 1. British withdrew from Palestine and Israel declared its independence. The 1,5. 00 residents of the Jewish Quarter of the Old City were expelled and a few hundred taken prisoner when the Arab Legion captured the quarter on 2. May. A no- man's land between East and West Jerusalem came into being in November 1. Moshe Dayan, commander of the Israeli forces in Jerusalem, met with his Jordanian counterpart Abdullah el Tell in a deserted house in Jerusalem’s Musrara neighborhood and marked out their respective positions: Israel’s position in red and Jordan's in green. This rough map, which was not meant as a an official one, became the final line in the 1. Armistice Agreements, which divided the city and left Mount Scopus as an Israeli exclave inside East Jerusalem. Military skirmishes frequently threatened the ceasefire. After the establishment of the State of Israel, Jerusalem was declared its capital. Jordan formally annexed East Jerusalem in 1. Jordanian law. Jordan allowed only very limited access to Christian holy sites. Hence Jewish and Christian access to the holy sites inside the old walled city was restored, while the Temple Mount remained under the jurisdiction of an Islamic waqf. The Moroccan Quarter, which was located adjacent to the Western Wall, was vacated and razed. Following the passing of Israel's Jerusalem Law, which declared Jerusalem, . The Israeli government has approved building plans in the Muslim Quarter of the Old City. A strong longing for peace is symbolized by the Peace Monument (with farming tools made out of scrap weapons), facing the Old City wall near the former Israeli- Jordanian border and quoting from the book of Isaiah in Arabic and Hebrew. The elevation of the Old City is approximately 7. The Kidron, Hinnom, and Tyropoeon Valleys intersect in an area just south of the Old City of Jerusalem. Along the southern side of old Jerusalem is the Valley of Hinnom, a steep ravine associated in biblical eschatology with the concept of Gehenna or Hell. Today, this valley is hidden by debris that has accumulated over the centuries. Over centuries of warfare and neglect, these forests were destroyed. Farmers in the Jerusalem region thus built stone terraces along the slopes to hold back the soil, a feature still very much in evidence in the Jerusalem landscape. On the opposite side of the city, approximately 3. Neighboring cities and towns include Bethlehem and Beit Jala to the south, Abu Dis and Ma'ale Adumim to the east, Mevaseret Zion to the west, and Ramallah and Giv'at Ze'ev to the north. Snow usually occurs once or twice a winter, although the city experiences heavy snowfall every three to four years on average. January is the coldest month of the year, with an average temperature of 8 . Temperatures vary widely from day to night, and Jerusalem evenings are typically cool even in summer. The average annual precipitation is close to 5. October and May. Industrial pollution inside the city is sparse, but emissions from factories on the Israeli Mediterranean coast can travel eastward and settle over the city. The study also found that about nine percent of the Old City's 3. Jews. In terms of the local population, the number of outgoing residents exceeds the number of incoming residents. In 2. 00. 5, 1. 6,0. Jerusalem and only 1. Consequently, the total fertility rate in Jerusalem (4. Tel Aviv (1. 9. 8) and well above the national average of 2. The average size of Jerusalem's 1. While 3. 1% of the Jewish population is made up of children below the age fifteen, the figure for the Arab population is 4. In 1. 96. 7, Jews accounted for 7. As of 2. 00. 9, out of 1. National Religious schools, while 9. Haredi schools. This correlates with the high number of children in Haredi families. Palestinian officials have encouraged Arabs over the years to stay in the city to maintain their claim.
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